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serial killer
A serial killer is a person who murders three or more people, usually due to abnormal psychological gratification, with the murders taking place over more than a month and including a significant break (a "cooling off period") between them. Some sources, such as the FBI, disregard the "three or more" criterion and define serial killing as "a series of two or more murders, committed as separate events, usually, but not always, by one offender acting alone".
Although psychological gratification is the usual motive for serial killing, and most serial killings involve sexual contact with the victim, the FBI states that the motives of serial killers can include anger, thrill, financial gain, and attention seeking. The murders may be attempted or completed in a similar fashion and the victims may have something in common: race, appearance, sex, or age group, for example.〔
Serial killing is not the same as mass murdering, nor is it spree killing, in which murders are committed in two or more locations in a short time. However, cases of extended bouts of sequential killings over periods of weeks or months with no apparent "cooling off period" or "return to normalcy" have caused some experts to suggest a hybrid category of "spree-serial killer".
==Etymology==
The English term and concept of "serial killer" is commonly attributed to former FBI Special agent Robert Ressler in the 1970s. Author Ann Rule postulates in her 2004 book ''Kiss Me, Kill Me'' that the English-language credit for coining the term ''serial killer'' goes to LAPD detective Pierce Brooks, creator of the ViCAP system. In his book ''Serial Killers: The Method and Madness of Monsters'', criminal justice historian Peter Vronsky argues that while Ressler might have coined the term ''serial homicide'' within law in 1974 at Bramshill Police Academy in Britain, the terms ''serial murder'' and ''serial murderer'' appear in 1966 in John Brophy's book ''The Meaning of Murder''. Moreover, Vronsky reports that the term ''serial killer'' does not appear in Ann Rule's book on Ted Bundy, ''The Stranger Beside Me'', published in 1980, when the term was not yet in popular use.〔 In his more recent study, Vronsky states that the construct "serial killing" first enters into American popular usage with the appearance of the term in the ''New York Times'' in the spring of 1981 to describe Atlanta serial killer Wayne Williams. Subsequently throughout the 1980s the term was used in the pages of the ''New York Times'' on 233 occasions, but by the end of the 1990s in its second decade the use of the term escalated to 2,514 times in the nation's 'newspaper of record'. The German term and concept was coined by the influential Ernst Gennat, who described Peter Kürten as a "Serienmörder" (literally "serial murderer") in his article "Die Düsseldorfer Sexualverbrechen" in 1930.〔Ernst Gennat: "Die Düsseldorfer Sexualmorde." In: Kriminalistische Monatshefte 1930, pp. 2–7, 27–32, 49–54, 79–82.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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